Solcellsindustrin utforskar ständigt ny teknik för att maximera utrustningens prestanda och minska slutliga energikostnader. Heterojunction-teknologi är en ny teknik som får mycket uppmärksamhet som det bästa alternativet för att öka effektiviteten och uteffekten till högsta nivå, och fler och fler tillverkare börjar använda denna teknik i sina produkter. Nu, vi kommer att berätta mer om denna innovativa teknik.
Vad är Heterojunction Technology
Heterojunction solar technology is a method of capturing solar energy using heterojunctions formed from different materials. HJT combines the best qualities of crystalline silicon with the best qualities of amorphous silicon films to produce high-power hybrid cells that exceed the performance of PERC, the industry’s preferred technology.
Heterojunction solar technology generally has a higher conversion efficiency and a wider spectral response range than traditional monocrystalline or polycrystalline silicon solar cells, making it an important way to improve solar energy utilization.
Vad är heterojunction solceller
Heterojunction solar cell combines two different technologies into a single cell: crystalline silicon och amorphous “thin film” silicon.
Silicon heterojunction solar cells consist of three layers of photovoltaic material. Det översta lagret är tillverkat av tunnfilms amorft kisel som fångar solljus innan det träffar kristalllagret, samt solljus som reflekteras från lagren nedanför. Det är så tunt att solljus kan passera direkt, och solljuset som passerar genom absorberas av det underliggande amorfa filmskiktet. Mellanskiktet är gjort av monokristallint kisel och dess huvudsakliga roll är att omvandla det mesta solljuset till elektricitet.
Att använda dessa tekniker i kombination kan samla mer energi än att använda dem ensamma, och genom tre olika solcellsskikt, effektiviteten av kisel heterojunction solceller kan nå 25% eller mer.
Det amorfa kiselskiktet i kisel heterojunction solpaneler är viktigt för att förbättra prestanda, acting as a passivation layer that helps reduce defects and electronic recombination, a common challenge for conventional solar panels. Dessutom, the crystalline silicon layer effectively carries charge, making it easier for electrons to move within the cell structure.
Hur fungerar Heterojunction-solpaneler
The working principle of heterojunction solar panels is similar to other photovoltaic modules, which work under the photovoltaic effect, the main difference is that heterojunction solar technology uses three layers of materials, combining thin films and traditional photovoltaic technology. The working process involves connecting the load to the terminals of the module, and the photons are converted into electrical energy and generate a current that flows through the load.
When sunlight hits the surface of a solar cell, photons are absorbed and excite electrons in the cell. The excited electrons are pushed to form a stream of electrons, which move through the heterojunction. In a heterojunction, the excited electrons recombine with the holes (som är, the missing spots of the atom, left behind by the excited electrons), releasing energy. This recombination of electrons and holes causes a flow of electrons, creating an electric current. This current passes through the battery’s external circuit, producing electricity that can be used by external devices.
Heterojunction solar cells utilize the properties of different semiconductor materials, such as silicon (Si), cadmium selenide (CdTe), kopparindiumgalliumselenid (CIGS), etc., to form heterojunction, thus extending the spectral range and improving the conversion efficiency of solar cells.
Varför välja solpaneler med HJT-teknik
Högre konverteringseffektivitet
Compared with conventional crystalline silicon solar cells, heterojunction (HJT) solar cells utilize the combination of different semiconductor materials to achieve higher photoelectric conversion efficiency.
För närvarande, the conversion efficiency of heterojunction single-sided modules is 26.07%, and the conversion efficiency of double-sided modules is more than 30%, which is one of the most efficient solar technologies in the industry.
Högt dubbelsidigt förhållande
Heterojunction solar cell modules have a double-sided ratio of more than 93%, which means that they can generate electricity from both sides of the module, making heterojunction cells excellent in design performance.
Elasticitet och anpassningsförmåga
Heterojunction solar cells are manufactured using thin film technology, which has a more flexible production process than traditional silicon-based solar cells. Heterojunction solar cells utilize a combination of different materials, so the right combination of materials can be selected for specific application needs.
Heterojunction solar cells have high flexibility and lightweight design to achieve curling, bending or custom shapes to adapt to different application scenarios and design needs, such as architectural integration, outdoor activity equipment, mobile power supplies, etc.
Lång livslängd
Heterojunction solar cells are known for their durability, with an amorphous silicon layer that acts as a protective barrier, reducing cell degradation and preventing PID effects. I genomsnitt, thin-film photovoltaic modules have a life expectancy of up to 25 år, while heterojunction solar cells can last for more than 30 years under normal conditions.
Bra temperaturkoefficient
Heterojunction solar cell technology is less affected by temperature changes than conventional crystalline silicon cells. Solar panels are generally less effective at high temperatures, which have less effect on the film than traditional monocrystalline silicon or polysilicon, due to having two layers of thin-film silicon, which allows heterojunction solar panels to function well even at hot temperatures.
Dessutom, heterojunction solar cells also have a low temperature coefficient, and their power generation efficiency can reach more than 23% at temperatures below 200°C. They also have a low temperature coefficient of -0.2%/K, helping to improve the cost effectiveness and power output of photovoltaic systems.
Enkel tillverkningsprocess
The production of solar photovoltaic modules using HJT solar panels requires only 5-8 steps, while PERC technology requires about 13 steps.
Compared with traditional solar cells, the process stage is reduced and the production process is simplified. As the cost of the necessary equipment continues to fall, it also makes it more economically viable.
Kostnadseffektiv
Amorphous silicon used in heterojunction solar cells is a cost-effective photovoltaic technology. Because fewer materials and simpler production processes can be used, heterojunction solar cells produced using thin-film technology are generally less costly.
Framtiden för HJT Solar
Heterojunction technology is a promising and efficient technology that will continue to be adopted by more and more companies based on the many benefits of heterojunction solutions. Medan PERC has been a popular choice in the industry for many years, its complex manufacturing process cannot compete with HJT.
The solar industry produced 5GW of heterojunction solar panels in 2019, making heterojunction technology about 5% of the retail market, with the largest manufacturers being Tesla in the United States and Panasonic in Malaya and Japan, but expected to grow in the future. Enligt ITRPV 2019 report, heterojunction batteries are expected to gain 12% market share by 2026 och 15% market share by 2029.
Slutsats
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