电池充电状态和电池健康状态: 了解与维护

掌握电池充电状态(片上系统) 和电池健康状态 (索赫) 电池的性能对于确保高效运行和延长其使用寿命至关重要.
本文将深入探讨SoC和SoH的概念, 他们的相互关系, 以及如何通过最佳维护实践来优化这些参数.

部分 1: 了解充电状态 (片上系统) 电池的

了解电池的充电状态

充电状态 (片上系统) 电池的当前电量与其最大电量的比率. 例如, 它就像汽车的燃油表, 可以显示电池剩余电量以及何时需要充电.

无论是电动车, 智能手机, 或家庭储能系统, SoC是电池系统的核心参数.

通过掌握SoC, 用户可以更好地管理能源消耗并规划充电时间表.

即使电池不使用时, 其SoC将逐渐减少, 一种称为自放电的现象.

充电状态 (片上系统) 电池的电量反映了其当前电量与满电量的比率, 作为其 “燃油表”.

SoC以百分比形式表示剩余电池容量. 例如, 100% SoC表示电池已充满电, 尽管 0% 表明电池已完全放电.

SoC也可以用电压电平来表示, 电压越高表明 SoC 越高.

SoC 测量方法

1. 库仑计数

库仑计数 是一种广泛使用的 SoC 测量技术. 通过计算电池充放电过程中流入流出的电荷量，准确计算电池的使用情况和剩余容量.

优点:

• 当初始 SoC 已知时, 库仑计可以提供准确的测量结果.
• 对SoC随时间变化的监控非常准确.

缺点:

• 如果没有正确校准, 测量误差会随着时间的推移而累积.
• 需要准确的初始 SoC 值才能实现最佳性能.
• 测量过程中对误差和噪声敏感.

2. 电压测量方法

电压测量方法估计充电状态 (片上系统) 通过检测电池的电压来判断电池的状态, 因为一般认为不同的电压电平对应不同的SoC值.
这种方法因其操作简单而受到青睐, 但有一些影响准确度的因素需要注意:

电池类型: 不同类型电池的电压和SoC之间的关系有所不同.
温度: 温度波动可能会影响电压测量.
加载: 电池当前的放电或充电状态 (负载条件) 会改变它的电压.

优点:

• 操作简单快捷.
• 无需复杂的仪器.

缺点:

• 精度不如其他SoC测量方法.
• 易受温度、负载等各种外界条件干扰.

3. 阻抗谱

阻抗谱分析是一种估计荷电状态的技术 (片上系统) 通过测量电池的内阻来判断电池的状态.

该方法通过施加小交流电来深入了解电池的内部状态 (空调) 向电池发出信号并检测其电压响应.

优点:

• 可以提供有关电池健康状态的详细信息.
• 正确操作下, 它可以非常准确地反映SoC.

缺点:

• 需要专业的测量设备.
• 过程比较耗时.
• 由于其复杂性, 通常不适合日常 SoC 监控.

监控电池荷电状态的必要性

充电状态 (片上系统) 对防止电池过度充电和过度放电起着至关重要的作用:

• 监控SoC可以防止电池过度充电, 这可能会导致电池损坏.
• 还可以避免电池深度放电, 这会缩短其使用寿命.
• 保持适当的 SoC 范围可以延长电池的使用寿命.

SoC对电池性能和寿命有重大影响:

• 确保电池能正常工作.
• 提高了电池的可靠性.
• 帮助电池发挥最佳性能.

准确监控SoC应用:

• 电动汽车依靠精确的 SoC 读数来避免电池耗尽.
• 可再生能源存储领域准确的SoC监控有助于高效利用太阳能和风能.
• 智能手机和笔记本电脑等便携式设备需要精确的 SoC 监控，以确保全天无忧运行.

部分 2: 了解电池的健康状态

了解电池健康状况 (肝硬化)

健康状况 (索赫) 是衡量电池当前状况的重要指标, 反映其剩余寿命.

电池健康状态通过将电池的当前性能与未使用的新电池的数据进行比较来显示电池退化的程度.

例如, 如果电池的 SoH 是 80%, 这意味着它只能存储 80% 新电池的容量. 该指标对于判断电池是否需要更换非常有帮助.

如果您使用 iPhone, 你可能有这种焦虑: 观察手机电池健康状况.

评估SoH的几种方法

1. 内阻测量

电池内阻的测量揭示电池的健康状况:

• 内阻低表明电池能高效传输电能.
• 高内阻意味着电池难以输送电能.
• 由于电池使用时间较长, 其内阻会逐渐增大.

测量内阻的方法包括:

• 使用专业仪器测量电池的电压和电流.
• 应用欧姆定律计算电阻值 (电阻=电压/电流).
• 将测量结果与电池规格表中的标准值进行比较.

2. 测试能力:

工艺流程:

• 首先, 将电池充满电.
• 然后将电池放电并测量其释放的能量.
• 最后, 将放电结果与电池标称原始容量进行比较.

容量测试结果分析:

如果电池释放的能量明显低于其历史水平, 它可能表明健康状况更好 (索赫).

3. 自放电率

• 自放电是指电池在不进行任何操作的情况下自然失去电量的现象.
• 高自放电率通常表明电池健康状况不佳.
• 相反, 健康的电池应该能够长时间保持电量.

如何测量和解释自放电率:

• 首先, 将电池充电至充满电状态，然后放置一周 (或定期).
• 然后, 测量剩余电池电量. 您可以在周期内多次测试并比较数据以获得更平均和更准确的值.
• 如果电池在此期间迅速失去大量电量, 这可能表明健康状况不佳.

影响电池健康状况的关键因素 (索赫)

Number of charge and discharge cycles:

Each charging and discharging process will cause certain damage to the battery during use. The more cycles of charge and discharge experienced, the shorter the lifespan of the battery may be.

Working temperature and environmental conditions:

Extreme temperature environments can cause damage to batteries. Stable and suitable temperature conditions are most helpful in maintaining the health of batteries.

Storage conditions and maintenance measures:

Keeping the battery clean and dry is its optimal charging level.
Appropriate storage methods and regular maintenance can extend the lifespan of batteries.

Battery lifespan:

Old batteries usually have decreased performance and reduced storage capacity. If the battery is not used, its performance will gradually decrease over time.

A battery with a lower SoH value means its ability to store charge at a specific voltage decreases, which reduces the practicality of the battery.
By referring to these, important information on battery life expectancy and recommended replacement times can be collected.

所以, monitoring SoH is crucial for maintaining battery performance and planning battery replacement.

部分 3: 电池 SoH 与 SoC

Battery SOH vs SOC:

Battery soc meaning the current remaining charge of the battery.
SoH is the ratio of the current capacity of a battery to its initial capacity (i.e., the capacity of a new battery). Battery soh meaning the information on the overall health status of the battery.

SoC 如何影响 SoH

Overcharging and over discharging that affect battery health:

Overcharging may cause an increase in battery temperature, which can damage the battery in the long run. 然而, excessive discharge will accelerate the battery’s wear and tear.

Maintain ideal charging state to extend battery life:

Maintaining the state of charge (片上系统) of the battery between 20% 和 80% can help extend its lifespan, reduce the pressure it bears, and enable it to maintain good working condition for a longer period of time.

SoH 如何影响 SoC

The impact of battery aging on State of Charge (片上系统):

As the battery ages, its storage capacity will gradually decrease, which will affect our accurate judgment of the remaining charge of the battery (片上系统). Aging batteries may display incorrect battery readings or rapidly decrease in battery capacity.

SoC estimation for calibrating aged batteries:

In the face of battery aging issues, advanced battery management systems will adjust the measurement methods of SoC.

By considering the internal resistance of the battery and historical usage data, these systems can provide more accurate SoC readings, ensuring accuracy even in the event of battery aging.

两者的重要性

The importance of State of Charge (片上系统) and State of Health (索赫) in Battery Management Systems (电池管理系统):

SoC increases with the increase of battery voltage and decreases with the discharge of the battery. 索赫, the lifespan of the battery gradually decreases with the accumulation of charging and discharging cycles.

Functions of Battery Management System (电池管理系统):

BMS is responsible for monitoring and managing the SoC and SoH of the battery. By continuously tracking these indicators, BMS ensures the safe and efficient operation of batteries, extends their lifespan, and prevents potential failures.
SoC is usually calculated by BMS based on the voltage and current inflow and outflow of the battery. SoH is usually evaluated based on factors such as the number of charge and discharge cycles, service life, and temperature history of the battery.

Ensure safe operation:

BMS ensures the safe operation of batteries by monitoring SoC and SoH. If the SoC is too high or too low, it may cause overcharging or overdischarging, both of which can damage the battery and even pose safety risks such as chemical leaks or fires.

BMS avoids these issues by maintaining SoC within a safe range, ensuring the safe operation of the battery. If the SoH is low, the BMS can alert the user that the battery may need to be replaced.

Extend battery life:

SoC and SoH are crucial for extending battery life. BMS optimizes the charging and discharging process by maintaining SoC within an appropriate range and monitoring SoH, thereby extending the battery’s lifespan.

Optimize energy usage:

Understanding SoH and SoC is equally important for optimizing energy usage. 例如, understanding the SoC of electric vehicles can help drivers plan their trips and charging stations.

相似地, understanding SoC and SoH in home energy storage systems can help optimize energy consumption and reduce electricity bills.

部分 4: 维护 SoC 和 SoH 最重要的考虑因素

Routine monitoring:

Please regularly monitor the state of charge (片上系统) and health status (索赫) of the battery, and use tools such as the battery management system (电池管理系统) to obtain accurate data.

Track the current status of the battery and make appropriate adjustments.

Temperature control:

Keep the battery in a stable temperature environment and avoid placing it under extreme high or low temperature conditions.

If possible, using a temperature control system would better maintain appropriate SoC and SoH.

Maintenance measures:

Please regularly maintain the battery. Regular maintenance helps ensure that the battery remains in optimal condition and provides good performance.
Check for signs of corrosion or damage. If the health status (索赫) of the battery significantly decreases, it is recommended to replace the battery.

Best practices for charging:

Please avoid overcharging the battery. It is recommended to stop charging when the battery level reaches 80%. 相似地, do not let the battery level drop below 20%.

This helps to reduce the pressure on the battery and extend its lifespan.

Storage suggestion:

Store the battery in a cool and dry place. If not used for a long time, it is recommended to charge the battery to about 50% level and store it, which can help prevent battery performance degradation and maintain the health of the battery.

结论

充电状态 (片上系统) 和电池健康状态 (索赫) are core indicators in battery maintenance. By tracking and adjusting these key parameters, ensure the safety, 效率, and optimal performance of the battery.
Whether you work in a company that produces battery driven equipment, specialize in developing BMS systems, or simply have a passion for battery technology or related needs, mastering the importance of SoC and SoH is essential for battery management.

If you have any interests or questions, you can contact 吉克斯太阳能 and we can provide solutions and services for you.